Kongiri yesimbi yakasimbiswa nefiber (SFRC) imhando itsva yezvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvinogona kudururwa nekupfapfaidzwa nekuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwefiber yesimbi pfupi mukongiri yakajairika. Yakura nekukurumidza munyika nekune dzimwe nyika mumakore achangopfuura. Inokunda zvikanganiso zvesimba shoma rekudhonza, kureba kudiki uye hunhu hwekuputsika kwekongiri. Ine hunhu hwakanaka hwakadai sekusimba kwekudhonza, kuramba kukotama, kuramba kuchekwa, kuramba kutsemuka, kuramba kuneta uye kusimba kwakanyanya. Yashandiswa muinjiniya ye hydraulic, migwagwa nemabhiriji, kuvaka nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeinjiniya.

 

一.Kugadzirwa kwekongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi

 

Kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber (FRC) ipfupiso yekongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber. Kazhinji imhando yekongiri yakagadzirwa nesimende inoumbwa nesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi, mortar kana kongiri uye fiber yesimbi, inorganic fiber kana organic fiber yakasimbiswa. Ichinhu chitsva chekuvaka chinoumbwa nekupararira kwemafiber mapfupi nematete zvakaenzana nesimba rakasimba rekudhonza, kureba kwakanyanya uye alkali yakasimba mu matrix yekongiri. Fiber iri mukongiri inogona kudzikamisa kugadzirwa kwemaburi ekutanga mukongiri uye kuwedzera kwemaburi pasi pesimba rekunze, zvinobudirira kukunda zvikanganiso zvemukati zvakaita sekusimba kushoma kwekudhonza, kutsemuka kuri nyore uye kusagadzikana kuneta kwekongiri, uye kuvandudza zvikuru mashandiro ekusapinda mvura, kudzivirira chando uye kudzivirira simba rekongiri. Kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber, kunyanya kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber, yakwezva kutariswa kwakawanda muzvikamu zvedzidzo neinjiniya muinjiniya inoshanda nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwepamusoro. 1907 Nyanzvi yeSoviet B П. Hekpocab yakatanga kushandisa kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi; Muna 1910, HF Porter yakaburitsa mushumo wekutsvagisa pakongiri pfupi yakasimbiswa nefiber, ichiratidza kuti mafiber mapfupi esimbi anofanira kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana mukongiri kuti asimbise matrix zvinhu; Muna 1911, Graham wekuUnited States akawedzera simbi mukongiri yakajairika kuti awedzere kusimba uye kugadzikana kwekongiri; Pakazosvika makore ekuma1940, United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan nedzimwe nyika dzakanga dzaita tsvakurudzo yakawanda pakushandisa simbi yesimbi kuti dzivandudze kuramba kwekupfekwa uye kuramba kupwanyika kwekongiri, tekinoroji yekugadzira kongiri yesimbi yefiber, uye kuvandudza chimiro chesimbi yefiber kuti dzivandudze simba rekubatana pakati pefiber nekongiri; Muna 1963, JP romualdi naGB Batson vakaburitsa bepa pamusoro penzira yekugadzira kupwanyika kwekongiri yesimbi yakavharirwa, uye vakapa mhedziso yekuti simba rekupwanyika kwekongiri yakasimbiswa yesimbi yefiber rinotsanangurwa neavhareji yekupatsanurana kwesimbi iyo inoita basa rinoshanda mukumanikidzwa kwetambo (fiber spacing theory), nokudaro kutanga danho rekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva izvi. Kusvika pari zvino, nekukurumbira uye kushandiswa kwekongiri yakasimbiswa yesimbi yefiber, nekuda kwekupararira kwakasiyana kwefiber mukongiri, kune mhando ina huru: kongiri yakasimbiswa yesimbi yefiber, kongiri yakasimbiswa yehybrid fiber, kongiri yakasimbiswa yesimbi yakavharirwa uye kongiri yakasimbiswa yehybrid fiber yakavharirwa.

 

二.Kusimbisa mashandiro ekongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi

 

1. Dzidziso yeComposite mechanics. Dzidziso yecomposite mechanics yakavakirwa padzidziso yecontinuous fiber composites uye yakabatanidzwa nehunhu hwekupararira kwesimbi fibers mukongiri. Mudzidziso iyi, composites inoonekwa se two-phase composites ine fiber seimwe phase uye matrix seimwe phase.

 

Dzidziso yekuparadzanisa fiber. Dzidziso yekuparadzanisa fiber, inozivikanwawo sedzidziso yekudzivirira kupwanyika, inokurudzirwa zvichibva pa linear elastic fracture mechanics. Dzidziso iyi inoti simba rekusimbisa fibers rinongoenderana chete nekuparadzanisa fiber zvakaenzana (minimum spacing).

 

三.Ongororo yemamiriro ekugadzirwa kwekongiri yakasimbiswa nesimbi

 

1.Kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi.Kongiri yesimbi yakasimbiswa nefiber imhando yekongiri yakasimbiswa yakafanana uye ine mativi akawanda inoumbwa nekuwedzera huwandu hushoma hwesimbi isina kabhoni, simbi isina ngura uye mafiber eFRP mukongiri yakajairika. Huwandu hwekusanganisa kwefiber yesimbi hunowanzo kuve 1% ~ 2% nehuwandu, nepo fiber yesimbi ye70 ~ 100kg inosanganiswa mu cubic meter yega yega yekongiri nehuremu. Kureba kwefiber yesimbi kunofanirwa kunge kuri 25 ~ 60mm, dhayamita inofanira kunge iri 0.25 ~ 1.25mm, uye chiyero chakanakisa chehurefu nedhayamita chinofanira kunge chiri 50 ~ 700. Kana ichienzaniswa nekongiri yakajairika, haingogone chete kuvandudza kusimba kwekukwenya, kuchekwa, kukotama, kupfeka uye kutsemuka, asiwo inowedzera zvakanyanya kusimba kwekutyoka uye kuramba kwekongiri, uye inovandudza zvakanyanya kuramba kuneta uye kugara kwenguva refu kwechimiro, kunyanya kusimba kunogona kuwedzerwa ne10 ~ 20 times. Hunhu hwemakanika hwekongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi uye kongiri yakajairika hunoenzaniswa muChina. Kana huwandu hwesimbi iri 15% ~ 20% uye chiyero chesimende yemvura chiri 0.45, simba rekudhonza rinowedzera ne50% ~ 70%, simba rekudhonza rinowedzera ne120% ~ 180%, simba rekudhonza rinowedzera ne10 ~ 20, simba rekudhonza rinowedzera ne15 ~ 20, kusimba kwekudhonza kunowedzera ne14 ~ 20, uye kuramba kupfeka kunovandudzwawo zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi ine hunhu huri nani hwemuviri uye hwemakanika kupfuura kongiri isina chinhu.

2. Kongiri yefaibha yakasanganiswa. Ruzivo rwakakodzera rwekutsvagisa runoratidza kuti fiber yesimbi hainyanyi kukurudzira simba rekudzvanya rekongiri, kana kutoideredza; Kana tichienzanisa nekongiri isina chinhu, pane maonero akanaka neakaipa (kuwedzera nekudzikira) kana kuti kunyange epakati pamusoro pekusapinda, kuramba kupfeka, kukanganiswa uye kuramba kupfeka kwekongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi uye kudzivirira kupera kwepurasitiki kwekutanga kwekongiri. Pamusoro pezvo, kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi ine mamwe matambudziko, akadai sehuwandu hwakawanda, mutengo wakakwira, ngura uye kusakwanisa kuramba kuputika kunokonzerwa nemoto, izvo zvakakanganisa kushandiswa kwayo kusvika padanho rakasiyana. Mumakore achangopfuura, vamwe vadzidzi vemuno nevekunze vakatanga kutarisisa kongiri yehybrid fiber (HFRC), vachiedza kusanganisa fibers dzine hunhu hwakasiyana uye zvakanakira, kudzidza kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kupa "mhedzisiro yakanaka yehybrid" pamatanho akasiyana uye kurodha kuti vawedzere hunhu hwakasiyana hwekongiri, kuitira kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nemapurojekiti akasiyana. Zvisinei, maererano nehunyanzvi hwayo hwakasiyana-siyana hwemakanika, kunyanya kushanduka kwayo kwekuneta uye kukuvara kwekuneta, mutemo wekuvandudza kushanduka uye hunhu hwekukuvadzwa pasi pemitoro isingachinji uye inochinja uye mitoro inogara iripo kana inochinja-chinja ye cyclic, huwandu hwakakwana hwekusanganisa uye huwandu hwekusanganisa hwefiber, hukama huripo pakati pezvikamu zvezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, simba rekusimbisa uye nzira yekusimbisa, kushanda kwekudzivirira kuneta, nzira yekukundikana uye tekinoroji yekuvaka, Matambudziko ekugadzira chiyero chemusanganiswa anofanira kudzidzwa zvakanyanya.

3. Simbi yakasimbiswa nefiber yakagadzirwa nesimbi.Kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yemonolithic haisi nyore kusanganisa zvakaenzana, fiber iri nyore kubatanidza, huwandu hwefiber hwakakura, uye mutengo wacho wakakwira, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandisirwo ayo akawanda. Kuburikidza nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekudzidzira kweinjiniya uye kutsvagisa kwedzidziso, mhando itsva yechimiro chefiber yesimbi, kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yelayer steel (LSFRC), inokurudzirwa. Fiber shoma yesimbi inogoverwa zvakaenzana pamusoro nepazasi pemugwagwa, uye pakati ichiri kongiri yakajairika. Fiber yesimbi muLSFRC inowanzo kugoverwa nemaoko kana nemagetsi. Fiber yesimbi yakareba, uye chiyero chedhayamita yehurefu chinowanzova pakati pe70 ~ 120, ichiratidza kugoverwa kwemativi maviri. Pasina kukanganisa hunhu hwemakanika, chinhu ichi hachingodzikisi zvakanyanya huwandu hwefiber yesimbi, asiwo chinodzivirira chiitiko chekubatana kwefiber mukusanganiswa kwekongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yeintegral. Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo yefiber yesimbi mukongiri ine simba guru pakusimba kwekongiri. Mhedzisiro yekusimbisa yefiber yesimbi pasi pekongiri ndiyo yakanakisa. Nenzvimbo yefiber yesimbi ichienda kumusoro, simba rekusimbisa rinoderera zvakanyanya. Simba rekuchinjika reLSFRC rakakwirira ne35% kupfuura rekongiri isina chinhu ine musanganiswa wakafanana, izvo zvakaderera zvishoma pane rekongiri yakasimbiswa nesimbi. Zvisinei, LSFRC inogona kuchengetedza mari yakawanda yezvinhu, uye hapana dambudziko rekusanganisa kwakaoma. Saka, LSFRC chinhu chitsva chine mabhenefiti akanaka munharaunda nehupfumi uye mikana yakawanda yekushandisa, iyo inofanirwa kufarirwa uye kushandiswa mukuvaka nzira.

 

4.Kongiri yefiber yakagadzirwa nezvikamu.Kongiri yeLayer hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (LHFRC) imhando yakagadzirwa nekuwedzera 0.1% polypropylene fiber zvichibva paLSFRC uye kugovera zvakaenzana huwandu hwakawanda hwemafiber epolypropylene akanaka uye mapfupi ane simba guru rekudhonza uye kureba kwakanyanya mukongiri yesimbi yepamusoro nepasi uye kongiri isina chinhu iri pakati nepakati. Inogona kukunda kusasimba kwekongiri yepakati nepakati yeLSFRC uye kudzivirira njodzi dzinogona kuitika mushure mekunge simbi yepamusoro yapera. LHFRC inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya simba rekongiri. Kana ichienzaniswa nekongiri isina chinhu, simba rayo rekongiri isina chinhu rinowedzerwa neinenge 20%, uye kana ichienzaniswa neLSFRC, simba rayo rekongiri rinowedzerwa ne2.6%, asi haina simba guru pakongiri ye flexural elastic. Kongiri ye flexural elastic yeLHFRC yakakwira ne1.3% kupfuura yekongiri isina chinhu uye yakaderera ne0.3% pane yeLSFRC. LHFRC inogonawo kuwedzera kusimba kwekongiri, uye indekisi yayo yekusimba kwekongiri inopetwa ka8 pane kongiri isina chinhu uye ka1.3 pane LSFRC. Uyezve, nekuda kwekushanda kwakasiyana kwemafiber maviri kana anopfuura muLHFRC mukongiri, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveinjiniya, mhedzisiro yakanaka yefiber yekugadzira nesimbi mukongiri inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza zvakanyanya ductility, kugara kwenguva refu, kusimba, kusimba kwekuputika, kusimba kwekongiri uye kusimba kwesimba rekongiri, kuvandudza mhando yezvinhu uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rezvinhu.

——Abstract (Shanxi architecture, Vol. 38, No. 11, Chen Huiqing)