Sezvo kupisa kwezhizha kuchipera uye mhepo ichichinja kuva chando, pfungwa yekutarisira inozadza mwoyo yemamiriyoni pasi rose. Kune nharaunda dzeChina nevanoda tsika pasi rose, nguva ino yegore inoratidza kusvika kweMutambo weMid-Autumn—zororo rakazadzwa nenhoroondo, zviratidzo, uye chishuwo chekubatana kwepasi rose. Unozivikanwawo seMutambo weMwedzi kana Zhongqiu Jie muchiMandarin, unowira pazuva rechi15 remwedzi wechisere wemwedzi wemwedzi, apo mwedzi unofungidzirwa kuti uri padenderedzwa rawo, wakajeka, uye unopenya zvakanyanya. Chiitiko ichi chekudenga chinoshanda semufananidzo une simba wekuzara, kubatana kwemhuri, uye zvisungo zvinogara kwenguva refu. Kupfuura zuva rekuzorora chete, Mutambo weMid-Autumn itsika mhenyu, inosanganisa ngano dzekare, midzi yekurima, nemhemberero dzemazuva ano kuita jira rinokudza zvakapfuura uku uchigamuchira zvazvino.
Mavambo: Ngano, Kukohwa, uye Midzi Yekare
Kutanga kweMutambo wepakati peMatsutso kwakatangira makore anopfuura 3,000, kwakavakirwa patsika dzekurima dzinoshanda uye ngano dzakajeka. Zviratidzo zvawo zvekutanga zvinogona kuwanikwa muShang Dynasty (1600–1046 BCE), apo nzanga dzekare dzekuChina dzaiita mhemberero dzekunamata mwedzi. Kusiyana nekuungana kwemitambo yanhasi, tsika idzi dzekutanga dzaive nyaya huru, dzainyanya kutariswa pakutenda mwari wemwedzi nekuda kwekukohwa kukuru. Varimi vaitenda kuti kutenderera kwemwedzi kwaipesvedzera kukura kwezvirimwa—kupenya kwawo kunyorovesa kunotungamira kudiridza husiku uye zvikamu zvawo zvichiratidza nguva yakakodzera yekudyara nekukohwa. Kukudza mwedzi kwaisangova chiito chemweya chete asi nzira yekuvimbisa kubudirira mune ramangwana, zvichiita kuti mutambo wacho ubatanidzwe zvakanyanya nemitambo yechisikigo.
Nekufamba kwenguva, tsika idzi dzekurima dzakasangana nengano nengano, zvichiita kuti mutambo uyu uve neruzivo rwakakura rwenyaya. Ngano dzakakurumbira pane idzi inyaya yaChang'e, Mwarikadzi weMwedzi, nyaya yagara ichipfuudzwa kubva kuzvizvarwa kusvika kuzvizvarwa uye ichiri pakati pemhemberero dzepakati pematsutso nanhasi. Sekureva kwengano, Chang'e aive mudzimai waHou Yi, mupfuri ane hunyanzvi. Kare, mazuva gumi aibuda pamwe chete mudenga, achipisa pasi uye achityisidzira vanhu nekusanaya kwemvura. Hou Yi akapfura pasi mapfumbamwe emazuva, achiponesa nyika, uye akapihwa mupiro wemushonga wekusafa. Akapa mushonga uyu kuna Chang'e kuti achengetedzeke, achimurayira kuti asanwe. Zvisinei, shamwari yaHou Yi ine makaro yakaedza kuba mushonga uyu paaiva asipo. Kuti adzivirire, Chang'e akanwa mushonga uyu iye pachake ndokuenda kumwedzi, kwaagara kubvira ipapo, achiperekedzwa netsuro yejade chete. Gore rega rega paMutambo wepakati peMatsutso, vanhu vanotarira kumwedzi, vachitarisira kuona Chang'e netsuro yake, uye vanotumira zvishuwo zvavo zvekusanganazve uye mufaro kune vadikanwi vari pedyo nekure.
Mumwe munhu akakosha munhoroondo yepakati pematsutso ndiWu Gang, mutemi wehuni akarangwa nevanamwari kuti acheke muti weosmanthus usingafi pamwedzi. Pasinei nekuti anotema sei, muti wacho unopora neusiku humwe, zvichimupa basa risingaperi. Muti weosmanthus wave chiratidzo chemutambo—maruva awo anonhuwirira anowanzo shandiswa mumadhizeti echinyakare netii, uye mufananidzo wawo unoshongedza marambi nezvishongo. Pamwe chete, nyaya dzaChang'e naWu Gang dzinowedzera kudzama nemashiripiti kumutambo, dzichishandura mutambo wekukohwa kuita chiitiko chetsika chakapfuma nemanzwiro nerevo.
Kushanduka kweMutambo: Kubva paMitambo yeUmambo kusvika kuMhemberero dzePasirose
Kunyange zvazvo midzi yeMutambo wepakati peMatsutso iri yekare, chimiro chawo chemazuva ano chakashanduka kwemazana emakore, chakaumbwa nekuchinja kwemadzimambo, kuchinja kwemagariro evanhu, uye kuchinjana kwetsika. Munguva yeDzinza raTang (618–907 CE), mutambo uyu wakatanga kuva nechimiro chemhemberero. Mhuri dzehumambo dzaiita mabiko makuru pasi pemwedzi, uko vadetembi vainyora mavhesi vachirumbidza runako rwemwedzi, uye vaimbi vairidza nziyo dzechinyakare. Vanhuwo zvavo vakabatanawo, vachiungana nemhuri kuti vagovane chikafu, vabhururutse marambi, uye vachiyemura mwedzi. Panguva iyi ndipo apo mooncakes—ikozvino chikafu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa pamutambo—dzakatanga kubatanidzwa nemhemberero iyi, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga dzaive makeke akapfava akazadzwa nebhinzi kana lotus seed paste.
Dzinza reRwiyo (960–1279 CE) rakaratidza kuchinja kukuru kweMutambo wepakati peMatsutso, sezvo wakava zororo repamutemo. Kufarirwa kwemamonkey emooncakes kwakawedzera, uye akatanga kugadzirwa muzvimiro nemanuhwi akanyanya kunaka, aiwanzo dhirowa nemaruva emwedzi, Chang'e, kana osmanthus. Marambi akavawo chikamu chikuru chemhemberero—akagadzirwa zvine hungwaru muzvimiro zvemhuka, maruva, nezvisikwa zvengano, aibatidzwa uye aitakurwa mumigwagwa, achishandura husiku kuita gungwa rechiedza. Nguva iyi yakaonawo kukwira kwe“mapati ekuona mwedzi,” uko nyanzvi nevanyori vaiungana muminda, vachinwa waini, uye vachikurukura nezveuzivi vachitarisa mwedzi. Misangano iyi yakabatsira kusimbisa mukurumbira wemutambo senguva yekufungisisa, kugadzira, uye kuchinjana pfungwa.
Nemadzimambo aMing (1368–1644 CE) naQing (1644–1912 CE), Mutambo weMid-Autumn wakanga wava tsika inodiwa nevanhu vemapoka ese evanhu. Mamonkey akafambira mberi, nekuiswa kwemazai ane munyu pakati—zvichiratidza mwedzi wakazara—uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuzadza, kusanganisira bhinzi dzvuku, mbeu yelotus, uye kunyange sarudzo dzinonaka dzakadai seham. Mutambo uyu wakavawo nguva yekupa zvipo, sezvo vanhu vaichinjana mamonkey nemichero neshamwari, mhuri, nevamwe vashandi sechiratidzo cherudo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, tsika dzakasiyana dzakabuda: muGuangdong Province, semuenzaniso, vanhu vaiita zviitiko zve "marangi emurazvo", uko marangi ainyorwa pamarambi, uye avo vaiagadzirisa vaiwana mibairo midiki. MuFujian Province, mhuri dzaibhururutsa marambi edenga, dzichinyora zvido zvadzo pamarambi dzisati dzaaburitsa mudenga rehusiku, kwaaikwira kumusoro senyeredzi diki.
Muzana remakore rechi20 nerechi21, Mutambo weMid-Autumn wakapfuura mavambo awo eChina kusvika pakuva mhemberero yepasi rose. Sezvo nzanga dzeChina dzakapararira pasi rose—kubva kuSingapore neMalaysia kusvika kuUnited States neEurope—vakauya nemutambo uyu, vachiuchinja kuti uenderane netsika dzemuno uku vachichengetedza tsika dzawo huru. Mumaguta akaita seNew York, London, neSydney, zviitiko zveveruzhinji zveMid-Autumn zvine mitambo yedhiragoni, mitambo yeshumba, kuratidzwa kwemarambi, uye nzvimbo dzekutengesa mamonkey nezvimwe zvinonaka zveChinese. Mhemberero idzi hadzingobatanidzi nzanga dzeChinese chete asiwo dzinozivisa runako nerevo yemutambo uyu kuvanhu vemarudzi ese, zvichikurudzira kunzwisisana kwetsika dzakasiyana-siyana uye kukoshesa.
Mhemberero dzemazuva ano: Kukudza Tsika Munyika Iri Kuchinja
Nhasi, Mutambo wepakati peMatsutso uchiri nguva yekubatana kwemhuri, kunyange hazvo hupenyu hwemazuva ano hwawedzera shanduko itsva kutsika dzekare. Kune vanhu vazhinji, mutambo unotanga nekudya kwemanheru kwemhuri— mabiko ezvikafu zvechinyakare zvakaita sedhadha rakagochwa, nyama yenguruve yakabikwa, uye shrimp yemvura yakachena, zvese zvichiratidza kuwanda nekubudirira. Mushure mekudya kwemanheru, mhuri dzinoungana panze (kana nepahwindo, kana mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka) kuti dziyemure mwedzi wakazara, kazhinji dzichidya mamonkey uye dzichinwa waini yeosmanthus kana tii. Mamonkey, kunyanya, akashanduka kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano: nepo manakiro echinyakare sembeu yelotus nebhinzi tsvuku achiri kufarirwa, ikozvino kune mamonkey "atsva" akazadzwa nechokoreti, ice cream, matcha, kana kunyange caramel yakarungwa. Mamwe mabhekari anopawo mamonkey "ane hutano", akagadzirwa nemafuta asina shuga yakawanda kana magoko ezviyo zvese, achigadzirira vatengi vane hanya nezvehutano.
Marambi ndeimwe chiratidzo chisingaperi chemutambo uyu, kunyange hazvo dhizaini yawo yakachinja nekufamba kwenguva. Marambi ekare epepa, anowanzo pendirwa nemaoko nemifananidzo yengano dzechiChinese, achiri kufarirwa, asi iye zvino anogovana chiedza nemarambi eLED—akajeka, ane mavara, uye asingashandisi simba zvakanyanya. Mune mamwe maguta, kuratidzwa kwemarambi makuru kunoiswa mumapaki kana munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, zvichikwezva mapoka evashanyi. Chimwe chezviratidziro zvakakurumbira chiri muVictoria Park yeHong Kong, uko zviuru zvemarambi (kusanganisira rambi hombe rakaumbwa semwedzi) zvinovhenekera denga rehusiku, zvichigadzira mamiriro emashiripiti.
Kune vechidiki, Mutambo weMid-Autumn inguva yekunakidzwa uye kushamwaridzana. Vechidiki vazhinji vanoronga "mapati ekuona mwedzi" neshamwari, kwavanotamba mitambo, kutora mifananidzo nemwenje, uye kugovera mooncakes. Mumakore achangopfuura, social media yakaita basa mukupemberera mutambo: vanhu vanoisa mapikicha ekudya kwemhuri yavo, kuratidzwa kwemwenje, kana mooncakes pamapuratifomu akaita seWeChat, Instagram, neTikTok, vachigovana mufaro wavo neshamwari nevateveri pasi rese. Mamwe mabrandi akapindawo muMid-Autumn bandwagon, vachiburitsa mooncakes dzine miganhu kana kushanda pamwe chete nevanyori kugadzira magadzirirwo emwenje akasiyana, vachisanganisa tsika nekushambadzira kwemazuva ano.
Pasinei nekuchinja uku kwemazuva ano, zvinoreva Mutambo weMid-Autumn Festival hazvichinji: imhemberero yekubatana, kutenda, uye tariro. Munyika umo vanhu vanowanzoparadzaniswa nedaro, basa, kana purogiramu dzakabatikana, mutambo uyu unotiyeuchidza nezvekukosha kwekunonoka, kubatana nevadikanwi, uye kukoshesa mufaro uri nyore wehupenyu. Ungave wakaungana patafura yekudya kwemanheru nemhuri, uchiyemura marambi mupaki, kana kutumira mooncake kushamwari iri kure, Mutambo weMid-Autumn inguva yekukudza zvakapfuura, kukoshesa zviripo, uye kutarisira ramangwana rakazara nemufaro nekubatanazve.
Mhedziso: Mutambo weMwaka Yese
Mutambo wepakati pematsutso hausi kungori zororo chete—ipfuma yetsika, humbowo hwesimba retsika, uye kupemberera chishuwo chevanhu chekubatana. Kubva pakutanga kwawo setsika yekurima muChina yekare kusvika pakuve mhemberero yepasi rose, mutambo uyu wakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva, asi hauna kumbobvira warasikirwa nepfungwa dzawo huru: mhuri, kutenda, uye runako rwemwedzi.
Patinotarisa mwedzi wakazara pazuva rechi15 remwedzi wechisere, hatisi kungoyemura muviri wekudenga chete—tiri kubatana netsika yemakore 3,000 ekuberekwa, cheni yekurangarira nemhemberero dzinotibatanidza nemadzitateguru edu uye kune mumwe nemumwe. Tinofunga nezvaChang'e nemusha wake uri wega pamwedzi, nezvaWu Gang nebasa rake risingaperi, varimi vachitenda goho rakanaka, uye mhuri dzichibatanazve mushure memwedzi yekuparadzana. Panguva iyoyo, tese tiri chikamu chechimwe chinhu chikuru kupfuura isu—nharaunda yepasi rose yakasungwa nenyaya dzakagovaniswa, tsika dzakagovaniswa, uye tariro dzakagovaniswa.
Saka Mutambo wepakati pematsutso, tora nguva yekumbomira. Idya keke remwedzi, batidza rambi, wotarisa mwedzi. Tumira chishuwo chako kumudiwa, kana kungogara wakanyarara woyemura runako rwehusiku. Mukuita izvi, hausi kungopemberera mutambo chete—uri kuchengetedza tsika, iyo icharamba ichipenya, semwedzi wakazara, kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-30-2025